Overview
The uterus is an organ in a woman’s pelvis. It is a hollow organ commonly known as the womb. Uterine cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that comprise the uterine tissue. The build-up of cancer cells can form a malignant tumor.
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer; hence, it’s also known by this name.
Causes of Uterine Cancer
- Obesity
- Reproductive history
- Tamoxifen (hormone treatment for breast cancer)
- High insulin levels
- PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
- Endometrial Hyperplasia (thickening of the womb lining)
Symptoms of Uterine Cancer
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause
- Pelvic pain
- Painful urination
- Painful intercourse
- Unusual bleeding between periods
Prevention of Uterine Cancer
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- The use of intrauterine devices has shown a reduced risk of uterine cancer
Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer
- Pelvic examination: The doctor inspects the outer genitals and then the vagina to look for abnormalities.
- Ultrasound: The doctor may recommend an ultrasound to look at the thickness and texture of the endometrium. A transducer is inserted into the vagina to create a video image of the uterus.
- Hysteroscopy: A thin, flexible tube is inserted through the vagina and cervix, allowing the doctor to examine the inside of the uterus.
- Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of cells from inside the uterus is taken and tested in the lab for further analysis.
Treatment of Uterine Cancer
1. Surgery
This usually involves the removal of the uterus as well as the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The removal of the uterus leaves you with no chance of getting pregnant in the future, and the removal of ovaries makes your menstrual cycle stop.
2. Radiation Therapy
Uses high-energy radiation like X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells or halt their growth. Doctors may perform it after surgery to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
3. Chemotherapy
Uses chemicals and drugs to kill cancerous cells, administered orally or intravenously. It’s often used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells or before surgery to shrink the tumor.
4. Hormone Therapy
Involves taking medication to lower hormone levels, causing cancer cells that rely on hormones to grow to die off.
5. Immunotherapy
Uses the body’s immune system to fight off cancer cells. Substances made by the body or in labs are used to boost immune defense.
6. Targeted Drug Therapy
Uses drugs that specifically target tumor cells. Often combined with chemotherapy for advanced-stage uterine cancers.
Takeaway
Uterine cancer, while treatable when caught early, requires awareness and timely diagnosis. Understanding symptoms, causes, and preventive measures can significantly improve outcomes.
Regular checkups, healthy lifestyle choices, and prompt medical consultation can make a crucial difference in early detection and treatment success.