Overview
The ovaries are a pair of vital reproductive glands in females responsible for the production of ova. Additionally, these remarkable organs also play a key role in producing essential hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovary start to multiply and form a tumour. However, when this cancer begins to spread throughout the body, it is known as Metastatic Ovarian Cancer.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
1. Epithelial Tumours
They form in the layer of tissue outside the ovaries.
2. Stromal Tumours
They grow in hormone-producing cells.
3. Germ Cell Tumours
They develop in the egg-producing cells.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer
- Family history of ovarian cancer
- No history of pregnancy
- Personal history of breast, colon, or uterine cancer
- Obesity
- Use of hormone therapies
- Genetic mutations
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
- Abdominal bloating and pain
- Difficulty eating
- Frequent urination
- Abnormal fullness after eating
- Fatigue
- Indigestion
- Constipation
- Menstrual irregularities
- Back pain
- Painful intercourse
Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
- Oral contraception: Studies show that women who take oral contraception are at a lower risk.
- Avoid carcinogens: Certain substances found in talcum powders, vaginal deodorants, and makeup can increase risk.
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Women who have birthed at least one child and have breastfed have a lower risk.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
- Pelvic Exam: The doctor inserts gloved fingers into the vagina and presses the abdomen with the other hand to feel pelvic organs.
- Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis help determine tumour size and spread.
- Surgery: If diagnosis is uncertain, the doctor may remove an ovary and have it tested for cancer.
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
- Surgery: Depending on the stage, the surgeon may remove one or both ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and nearby lymph nodes.
- Chemotherapy: Drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill rapidly growing cancer cells. It may be given orally, intravenously, or directly into the abdomen.
- Targeted Therapy: Uses specific medications aimed at cancerous cells, often for recurrent or treatment-resistant cancers.
Takeaway
Ovarian cancer can be challenging to detect early, but awareness and proactive health checks greatly improve outcomes.
Recognizing risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options empowers women to seek timely medical care and make informed health decisions.