Mouth Cancer

Overview

Mouth cancer is a type of cancer that can occur in any part of the mouth or oral cavity, such as the lips, gums, tongue, roof of the mouth, inner lining of the cheeks, or under the tongue.

Most cases of mouth cancer begin in the flat squamous cells that cover the surfaces of the mouth, lips, and tongue.

Causes of Mouth Cancer

• Tobacco use
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Weak immune system
• A sexually transmitted virus called HPV
• Excessive sun exposure to lips

Symptoms of Mouth Cancer

• White or red patch inside the mouth
• Lump inside the mouth
• Ear pain
• Difficulty swallowing
• Mouth pain
• Lip or mouth sore that doesn’t heal
• Loose teeth

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Prevention of Mouth Cancer

• Quit the use of tobacco.
• Avoid drinking or drink in moderation.
• Avoid excessive sun exposure.
• Get regular dental checkups.
• Use lip balms with an SPF of at least 30.
• Maintain a healthy diet.

Diagnosis of Mouth Cancer

• Physical Exam: Your doctor or dentist examines your lips and mouth for abnormalities such as sores, white patches, or areas of irritation.
• Biopsy: The doctor may remove a sample of cells for lab testing to detect cancerous or precancerous changes. Imaging tests like CT, MRI, or PET scans may be done to check for cancer spread.

Immunotherapy for Cancer

Immunotherapy is a treatment that strengthens the body's immune system to fight against cancer cells more effectively. It is often recommended for advanced cases where other treatments are less effective.

Treatment of Mouth Cancer

• Surgery: Surgery removes the tumour and some surrounding healthy tissue. Larger tumours may require extensive surgery, including removal of lymph nodes if cancer has spread. Reconstructive surgery may be needed to restore appearance and function.
• Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy beams like X-rays or protons to destroy cancer cells. It can be combined with chemotherapy or used to ease symptoms in advanced stages.
• Chemotherapy: Uses powerful drugs to stop cancer cell growth by killing or preventing them from dividing. It may be combined with radiation therapy for better outcomes.
• Targeted Drug Therapy: Involves drugs designed to target specific tumour cells. It may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer, especially in cases resistant to standard treatments.