Overview
Lung cancer starts in your lungs, which are the spongy organs in the chest. They help you breathe by taking in oxygen when you breathe in and getting rid of carbon dioxide when you breathe out.
It is the number one reason for cancer-related deaths all around the world.
Types of Lung Cancer
There are two main types, and both of them are treated very differently:
1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
It is further divided into subtypes:
- Adenocarcinoma: Starts in cells that secrete substances like mucus. It is the most common type seen in people who do not smoke. More common in women and younger people.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Starts in squamous cells that line the inside of the airways in the lungs.
- Large Cell Carcinoma: Can appear in any part of the lung and grows rapidly, making it harder to treat.
2. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
This type tends to grow and spread faster than non-small cell cancer. It often responds well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy because it grows quickly.
Causes of Lung Cancer
- Smoking: The most common cause; damages lung lining due to carcinogens in smoke.
- Radon exposure: Prolonged exposure to radioactive gas radon can lead to lung cancer.
- Genetic Mutation: Certain mutations can make individuals more prone to developing lung cancer.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
- Shortness of breath
- Hoarseness of voice
- Swelling in the lymph nodes (middle of the chest)
- Cough that doesn’t go away
- Chest pain
- Frequent infections like pneumonia or bronchitis
- Coughing of blood
- Fatigue
Prevention of Lung Cancer
- Avoid smoking
- Eat healthy foods
- Exercise regularly
- Protect yourself against carcinogens at work
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
- Imaging tests: X-rays or CT scans reveal masses or lesions in the lungs.
- Biopsy: Removal of a tissue sample to check for cancer cells.
- Spirometry: A lung function test that checks how well your lungs are working.
- Thoracoscopy: Uses a tube with light and camera to take tissue samples from the lungs.
Treatment of Lung Cancer
Surgery
The surgeon aims to remove the lung cancer and nearby healthy tissue. In some cases, an entire lung may be removed. Chemotherapy or radiation may be recommended before surgery to shrink tumors.
Radiation Therapy
Uses high-energy X-rays or protons to kill or slow cancer cell growth. Often combined with chemotherapy or used as a primary treatment when surgery isn’t an option.
Chemotherapy
Uses drugs to stop cancer cell growth or kill them. Can be administered intravenously or orally and may also be used after surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Delivers multiple high-energy radiation beams precisely at the cancer site. Recommended for small lung cancers or cases where surgery isn’t possible.
Takeaway
Lung cancer is a serious but treatable condition when diagnosed early. Awareness, early screening, and lifestyle changes can significantly improve outcomes.
Avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and consulting doctors at the first sign of symptoms are vital steps toward prevention and better recovery.